Propanedial

Propanedial, also called 1,3-propanedial or malonaldehyde, is the simplest dialdehyde derived from propane. Its molecular formula is C3H4O2, and its structure is OHC-CH2-CHO. It is a reactive dialdehyde that readily participates in nucleophilic addition reactions such as aldol condensation and imine formation with amines; it can also form acetals with alcohols.

Propane-1,3-dial is not widely encountered as a bulk chemical and is typically prepared or generated in situ in laboratory or industrial settings from precursors such as malonic derivatives or through oxidative processes of propanedial derivatives. It is unstable and tends to polymerize or decompose if not stabilized or promptly used.

Applications: In organic synthesis, propanedial serves as an intermediate for the preparation of heterocycles, resins and crosslinking agents, and as a potential monomer in specialized polymerization processes. It is mainly encountered in research and development settings.

Safety: It is a corrosive irritant that can cause skin, eye, and respiratory irritation. It can react with oxidizing agents and moisture; proper storage involves cool, dry, well-ventilated conditions in sealed containers, ideally under inert atmosphere, with appropriate personal protective equipment.

Synonyms: 1,3-propanedial, malonaldehyde.

See also: malonaldehyde.