Powoduj

Powoduj is a Polish verb form that functions as the second-person singular imperative of the verb powodować, meaning to cause or to bring about. The base verb powodować is imperfective, and its perfective counterpart is spowodować, which is used for a completed result. As a transitive verb, powodować takes a direct object that designates the effect being caused.

In present tense, powodować is conjugated as powoduję, powodujesz, powoduje, powodujemy, powodujecie, powodują. The imperative forms are powoduj (singular) and powodujcie (plural). Related noun forms include powodowanie (the act of causing) and powodujący (causing). The verb can be combined in various tenses and aspects to express continuous, repeated, or general causation, in contrast to spowodować, which emphasizes a single, completed outcome.

Usage-wise, powodować denotes a process of causing or ongoing causation, whereas spowodować describes a specific event that leads to a result. It is commonly used in contexts addressing effects, causes, or conditions, for example in technical, legal, or explanatory prose. Example sentences include: "Zbyt duża prędkość powoduje błędy" (Exhibits ongoing causation) and "Niewłaściwe warunki pracy mogą powodować szkody" (Causes damages). The imperative form powoduj can appear in instructions or guidelines, directing someone to cause a particular effect or to ensure a desirable outcome.

Etymology traces سے the verb to the noun powód (reason, cause) with the verbal suffix -ować. See also spowodować, powodowanie, powód.