Postkvantové

Postkvantové refers to algorithms and cryptographic systems that are resistant to attacks from large-scale quantum computers. While current quantum computers are not powerful enough to break widely used public-key cryptography, the development of quantum algorithms like Shor's algorithm poses a significant future threat. Shor's algorithm can efficiently factor large numbers and compute discrete logarithms, which are the mathematical foundations of many current encryption methods, including RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography.

The field of post-quantum cryptography, also known as quantum-resistant cryptography or quantum-safe cryptography, focuses on developing new cryptographic algorithms that can run on classical computers but are secure against both classical and quantum computers. These new algorithms are based on mathematical problems that are believed to be hard for quantum computers to solve. Examples of such problems include those from lattice-based cryptography, code-based cryptography, hash-based cryptography, and multivariate polynomial cryptography.

The transition to post-quantum cryptography is a significant undertaking, involving research, standardization, and eventual deployment of new cryptographic standards. Organizations like the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) are actively involved in selecting and standardizing post-quantum cryptographic algorithms to ensure a secure future in the face of advancing quantum computing capabilities. The goal is to replace vulnerable cryptographic systems before quantum computers become capable of breaking them.