Populationstrends

Populationstrends is the study of changes in population size, structure, and distribution over time. It encompasses fertility, mortality, migration, urbanization, and aging, and it is used to understand past developments and inform policy.

Fertility rates determine population growth; mortality shapes life expectancy. The total fertility rate near replacement level in many regions contrasts with higher fertility in some developing areas. Migration alters geographic distribution, driving rural-urban shifts and international flows that affect cities and labor markets.

Global patterns show a decelerating rate of growth in many countries, with continued expansion in parts of Africa and parts of Asia. Europe and East Asia face aging populations, while urbanization increases overall. Projections indicate world population will approach a new balance later in the century as fertility declines and aging rises.

Populationstrends relies on data from censuses, vital statistics, surveys, and administrative records, with international projections produced by agencies such as the United Nations and the World Bank. The field supports policy in health, education, housing, migration, and social protection, and informs planning for sustainable development.