Polyfosfaattisuolat

Polyfosfaattisuolat are salts containing the polyphosphate anion, which consists of a chain of phosphate (PO4) groups linked by oxygen atoms. The general formula can be represented as [PO3(OH)2]n- or [PO3]n2n-. These compounds are formed by the polymerization of orthophosphate units. The length of the phosphate chain can vary, leading to different polyphosphates such as pyrophosphates (two phosphate units), tripolyphosphates (three phosphate units), and longer chain metaphosphates.

In aqueous solutions, polyphosphates can hydrolyze back to orthophosphates. Their properties depend on the chain length and the counter-ions present. Polyphosphates are widely used in various industries. For example, sodium tripolyphosphate is a common ingredient in detergents, acting as a water softener and emulsifier. In the food industry, they are used as emulsifiers, sequestrants, and leavening agents, contributing to texture and stability. They can also be found in some dental care products for their ability to prevent tartar buildup. Certain polyphosphates also play biological roles, with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) being a crucial example of a biological polyphosphate involved in energy transfer.