Polüakrüülamiidid

Polyacrylamides are synthetic polymers derived from acrylamide monomers. They are water-soluble and exist in various forms, including anionic, cationic, and non-ionic, depending on the presence of charged groups along the polymer chain. This variability allows for a wide range of applications.

A primary use of polyacrylamides is in water treatment, where they act as flocculants. They aggregate suspended particles, making them easier to remove through sedimentation or filtration. This is crucial in both municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. In the oil and gas industry, polyacrylamides are employed in enhanced oil recovery techniques to increase the viscosity of injected water, thereby improving oil extraction efficiency.

In agriculture, polyacrylamides can be used as soil conditioners to improve soil structure, reduce erosion, and enhance water retention. They are also found in various consumer products, such as cosmetics and personal care items, often acting as thickening agents or stabilizers. In scientific research, they are fundamental in gel electrophoresis for separating biomolecules like DNA and proteins based on size. The production and use of polyacrylamides are subject to regulations due to concerns about residual acrylamide monomer, which is a neurotoxin.