Podsumowuje

Podsumowuje is a Polish present-tense verb form meaning “he/she/it summarizes” or “is summarizing.” It is the third-person singular form of the imperfective verb podsumowywać (to summarize). Because podsumowywać is imperfective, podsumowuje can describe an ongoing or habitual action in the present tense, as opposed to the perfective podsumować, whose present tense form podsumuje denotes future action or a completed summary.

Etymology and meaning: The verb combines the prefix pod- with sumować (to total or add up), creating a sense of bringing information to a conclusion by summarizing. The form podsumowuje is used for subjects such as on (he), ona (she), or to as a neutral, general reference to the act of summarizing.

Usage: Podsumowuje is common in formal and semi-formal contexts, including journalism, academic writing, business meetings, and reporting. It typically governs a direct object that represents the content being summarized, for example: On podsumowuje wyniki badań. or Komisja podsumowuje dotychczasowe ustalenia.

Relation to other forms: The related imperfective infinitive is podsumowywać; the corresponding noun for the action is podsumowywanie. The perfective counterpart is podsumować, whose present-tense third-person form would be podsumuje and generally refers to a completed or future action. The neutral noun podsumowanie denotes a summary itself.

In summary, podsumowuje is a standard present-tense form used to describe someone summarizing content in Polish, typically in a neutral and formal register. It sits within a family of related forms that express the act, process, or result of summarizing.

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