Pirolyysin

Pirolyysi, also known as pyrolysis, is a thermochemical decomposition of organic material at elevated temperatures in an inert atmosphere. This process is often described as destructive distillation because it involves breaking down complex organic molecules into simpler ones through heat. Unlike combustion, which requires oxygen and results in the generation of gases like carbon dioxide and water, pyrolysis occurs in the absence of oxygen, preventing complete combustion.

The primary products of pyrolysis are typically a solid residue called biochar (or char), a liquid fraction known as bio-oil (or pyrolysis oil), and a non-condensable gas mixture. The exact composition and yields of these products are highly dependent on the type of organic feedstock used, the temperature of the pyrolysis process, and the residence time. Common feedstocks include biomass such as wood, agricultural waste, and energy crops, as well as plastics and tires.

The biochar produced is a carbon-rich material that can be used for soil amendment, carbon sequestration, or as a fuel. Bio-oil is a complex mixture of organic compounds that can be further refined into fuels or chemicals, or used directly as a fuel. The gaseous products, often referred to as syngas, can be used as fuel or as a source of hydrogen and carbon monoxide for chemical synthesis. Pyrolysis is considered a promising technology for waste management, renewable energy production, and the creation of value-added products from organic waste streams.