Pinballs

Pinballs are small spherical projectiles used in pinball machines and related arcade games. They travel across the playfield, responding to gravity and player-activated flippers, and interact with bumpers, targets, ramps, and rails to drive scoring and gameplay.

The standard size for most pinballs is 1.5 inches (38 mm) in diameter, with a mass around 42 to 44 grams. This size is widely used across modern machines, though a few vintage or specialty tables may employ different diameters.

Materials have evolved over time. Early pinballs were made from ivory or other natural materials and later from shellac-coated compositions. Modern balls are typically made of polyurethane or other durable resins with a hard outer shell, designed for smooth rolling and consistent bounce on varied playfields.

Manufacture and wear: Pinballs are produced to tight tolerances to ensure uniform behavior in play. They are finished smooth and polished to minimize scoring irregularities. Over time balls can become dented or scored and may be replaced to maintain performance and accuracy of play.

History and context: Pinballs emerged in the early 20th century as a refinement of earlier bagatelle and billiard-style games. The adoption of a standardized 1.5-inch ball helped unify play across machines and manufacturers. In arcades and collections, regular maintenance and replacement of worn balls are common practices to preserve game quality.