Piimasuhkrut

Piimasuhkrut, scientifically known as lactose, is a disaccharide sugar found in milk. It is composed of two simpler sugars, galactose and glucose, linked together by a glycosidic bond. Lactose is the primary carbohydrate in milk, contributing to its characteristic sweetness. In mammals, lactose is the main source of energy for infants.

The digestion of lactose occurs in the small intestine with the help of an enzyme called lactase. Lactase breaks down lactose into its constituent monosaccharides, galactose and glucose, which are then absorbed into the bloodstream. Many individuals, particularly adults, experience a decline in lactase production after infancy. This condition is known as lactose intolerance, where undigested lactose ferments in the large intestine, leading to symptoms like bloating, gas, and diarrhea.

Lactose has various applications beyond its nutritional role. It is widely used in the food industry as an ingredient in dairy products, baked goods, and confectionery, where it contributes to texture, browning, and sweetness. In the pharmaceutical industry, lactose serves as an excipient, commonly used as a filler or binder in tablets and capsules. Its inert nature and compatibility with many active pharmaceutical ingredients make it a popular choice. The production of lactose typically involves the extraction and purification from whey, a byproduct of cheesemaking.