Piimasuhkru

Piimasuhkru, scientifically known as lactose, is a disaccharide sugar found in milk. It is composed of two simpler sugars, galactose and glucose, linked together. Lactose is produced by mammary glands in mammals and is a primary source of energy for infant mammals.

The digestion of lactose in the human digestive system relies on the enzyme lactase. Lactase breaks down lactose into its constituent monosaccharides, galactose and glucose, which can then be absorbed into the bloodstream. For many adults, particularly those of European descent, the production of lactase decreases after infancy, leading to lactose intolerance. This condition results in undigested lactose reaching the large intestine, where it is fermented by bacteria, causing symptoms like bloating, gas, and diarrhea.

Lactose is a significant component of dairy products such as milk, cheese, and yogurt. Its presence contributes to the slightly sweet taste of milk. In food manufacturing, lactose is also used as an ingredient, often as a filler or carrier in pharmaceuticals and food products like baked goods and confectionery. The chemical formula for lactose is C12H22O11. It is less sweet than sucrose (table sugar) and has a lower solubility in water. The study of lactose and its metabolism is important in understanding nutrition, digestion, and various gastrointestinal disorders.