Phenylmethane

Phenylmethane, also known as toluene, is an aromatic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C7H8. It consists of a benzene ring to which a methyl group is attached. At room temperature, phenylmethane is a colorless liquid with a distinct smell that is characteristic of paint thinners and glues. It is insoluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents like ethanol and diethyl ether.

Phenylmethane is a significant industrial solvent and a precursor to many other chemicals. It is primarily produced from petroleum during the refining process or from coal tar. Its major applications include its use as a solvent for paints, lacquers, and adhesives. It is also used in the manufacture of dyes, pharmaceuticals, explosives, and other organic chemicals. For instance, it is a key reactant in the production of benzene, which is then used to make other compounds such as phenol and aniline.

In terms of safety, phenylmethane is flammable and its vapors can form explosive mixtures with air. Inhalation of high concentrations can lead to central nervous system depression, causing dizziness, headaches, and nausea. Prolonged or repeated skin contact can cause irritation and defatting of the skin. Due to its potential health and environmental impacts, its use and handling are subject to regulations.