Peroxisómum

Peroxisómum is a single membrane-bound organelle found in the eukaryotic cells of plants, animals, and fungi. These organelles are roughly spherical and vary in size. Their primary function is to carry out a variety of metabolic reactions, including the breakdown of fatty acids through beta-oxidation and the detoxification of harmful substances. A key enzyme found within peroxisomes is catalase, which plays a crucial role in neutralizing reactive oxygen species, particularly hydrogen peroxide, by converting it into water and oxygen. This protective function is essential for preventing cellular damage. Peroxisomes are also involved in the synthesis of certain lipids, such as plasmalogens, which are important components of cell membranes, especially in the nervous system. The biogenesis of peroxisomes is a complex process that involves both the endoplasmic reticulum and pre-existing peroxisomes. They play a vital role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and are essential for the proper functioning of many physiological processes.