Permanensmágneses

Permanensmágneses refers to permanent magnets, which are objects made from materials that are magnetized and create their own persistent magnetic field. These magnets do not need an external source of magnetic field to remain magnetized. The magnetic field is produced by the internal alignment of atomic magnetic moments within the material. When a ferromagnetic material is exposed to a strong external magnetic field, its magnetic domains align, and upon removal of the external field, a significant portion of this alignment is retained, resulting in permanent magnetism.

The strength and properties of permanent magnets depend on the specific material used. Common materials include alloys of iron, nickel, and cobalt, as well as rare-earth elements like neodymium and samarium. Neodymium magnets are currently the strongest type of permanent magnets available commercially, offering a very high magnetic field strength for their size. Samarium-cobalt magnets are also very strong and offer excellent temperature stability.

Permanent magnets are utilized in a vast array of applications due to their ability to generate magnetic fields without requiring continuous power. They are essential components in electric motors, generators, loudspeakers, magnetic storage devices like hard drives, and in many everyday items such as refrigerator magnets and magnetic clasps. Their reliability and lack of power consumption make them indispensable in many technological fields. The properties of permanent magnets can degrade over time or due to exposure to high temperatures or strong opposing magnetic fields.