Permafrostaffected

Permafrost-affected soils are a type of soil that contains ice or is influenced by the presence of ice. These soils are found in regions where the temperature remains below freezing for at least two consecutive years. Permafrost-affected soils are common in the Arctic, Antarctic, and high-altitude regions. They are characterized by their low permeability, high water-holding capacity, and low nutrient availability. The presence of ice in these soils can lead to unique physical and chemical properties, such as cryoturbation, which is the mixing of soil layers due to the freezing and thawing of ice. Permafrost-affected soils are also vulnerable to climate change, as rising temperatures can lead to thawing, which can release stored carbon and methane, contributing to global warming. The study of permafrost-affected soils is important for understanding the Earth's climate system, as well as for managing resources in cold regions.