Periduodenal

Periduodenal refers to structures surrounding the duodenum, the C-shaped portion of the small intestine that connects the stomach to the jejunum. The term is used in anatomy, surgery, and radiology to describe tissues, spaces, and ligaments adjacent to the duodenum, as well as the peritoneal coverings that enclose it.

Anatomy: The duodenum consists of four parts; the first part is intraperitoneal, while the rest are primarily retroperitoneal. Periduodenal structures include segments of peritoneum and omenta that invest or border the duodenum, such as portions of the lesser sac and the hepatoduodenal ligament, through which the portal triad runs. The region also contains lymphatics and fat that accompany the duodenum and connect to surrounding organs like the pancreas and stomach.

Clinical significance: Inflammation, infection, or neoplasia in the periduodenal area can affect duodenal function or neighboring organs. Duodenal ulcers can perforate into the peritoneal cavity; pancreatic head disease may involve periduodenal tissues. Lymphatic drainage from the periduodenal region passes to pancreaticoduodenal nodes.

Imaging and diagnosis: Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound assess periduodenal inflammation, edema, collections, or masses. Endoscopy evaluates mucosal disease of the duodenum, while surgical exploration may be necessary for unclear pathology.

See also: Duodenum, Peritoneum, Lesser sac, Pancreas.