Pelágikus

Pelágikus is a term used in oceanography and marine biology to describe organisms or zones that inhabit the open ocean, away from the coast and the seafloor. It refers to the water column itself, as opposed to the benthic zone, which is the bottom of the ocean.

Pelagic organisms, often called pelagic fauna or pelagic life, include a vast array of species, from microscopic plankton (phytoplankton and zooplankton) to large marine mammals and fish. These organisms are adapted to life in the open water, often characterized by constant movement, varying light levels, and pressure changes. Plankton form the base of the pelagic food web, supporting herbivores and then carnivores.

The pelagic zone is further divided into different layers based on depth and light penetration. The epipelagic zone (sunlight zone) extends from the surface to about 200 meters, where photosynthesis is possible. Below this is the mesopelagic zone (twilight zone) from 200 to 1,000 meters, receiving little light. Deeper still are the bathyal, abyssal, and hadal zones, characterized by darkness, extreme pressure, and cold temperatures.

The pelagic environment is dynamic, influenced by currents, tides, and weather patterns. Many pelagic animals undertake vertical migrations, moving to shallower waters at night to feed and returning to deeper waters during the day to avoid predators. This vast realm of the open ocean plays a crucial role in global ecosystems and climate regulation.