Pellets

Pellets are uniform, solid units formed by compressing a raw material under heat and pressure into cohesive shapes, usually cylindrical. They are used across energy, agriculture, and manufacturing sectors.

Wood pellets, the common fuel type, are made from compressed sawdust and other wood residues. They typically have a moisture content around 8–10%, a density of about 650–750 kg/m3, and an energy content near 16–18 MJ/kg, enabling efficient bulk fuel storage and transport.

Animal feed pellets are produced by grinding ingredients, adding binders and moisture, and extruding into small cylinders. Pelleting improves handling, reduces dust, and can enhance digestibility and nutrient utilization. Diameters commonly range from 2 to 8 mm, depending on species.

Fertilizer pellets are formed from nutrients such as urea or ammonium phosphate. Pelleting minimizes dust, improves application, and enables controlled release or precision dosing in fields.

Plastic pellets are resin granules used as feedstock for extrusion and molding. They are manufactured from polymers, vary in size and shape, and are shipped in bulk to manufacturers.

Production and quality: Typical steps include grinding or shredding, drying to target moisture, conditioning, pelletizing on a die, cooling, and screening. Quality indicators include moisture content, ash, fines, and durability.

Storage and safety: Pellets are hygroscopic and require dry storage to prevent spoilage, caking, or mold. Proper handling reduces dust, spills, and self-heating risks in bulk storage.