Peavärvid

Peavärvid refers to a category of pigments used in art and industry that are derived from or chemically related to lead compounds. Historically, lead-based pigments were widely used due to their opacity, durability, and vibrant colors. Examples include lead white (lead carbonate), lead red or red lead (lead tetroxide), and lead chromate (chrome yellow and chrome orange). These pigments offered excellent covering power and lightfastness, making them popular for centuries in oil painting, house paints, and other applications.

However, the use of peavärvid has significantly declined in modern times due to their toxicity. Lead is a heavy metal that is poisonous to humans, particularly to children, and can cause serious health problems, including neurological damage, developmental issues, and organ damage. Environmental concerns also arise from the leaching of lead into soil and water. Consequently, many countries have enacted regulations restricting or banning the use of lead pigments in consumer products and paints. Artists and manufacturers now rely on safer alternatives, such as titanium dioxide for white pigments and cadmium or organic pigments for various colors. While historical artworks may contain peavärvid, their current production and application are highly controlled and limited, primarily for specialized industrial uses where alternatives are not yet feasible, or in conservation efforts for existing lead-painted objects.