Pautalia

Pautalia was an ancient Roman city located in the Roman province of Thracia. Today, its remains are found near the modern city of Kyustendil in southwestern Bulgaria. The settlement likely originated as a Thracian settlement before being Romanized. Its strategic location on trade routes, particularly those connecting the Aegean Sea with the interior of the Balkans, contributed to its growth and prosperity.

During the Roman period, Pautalia developed into an important urban center, known for its thermal springs, which were utilized for their medicinal properties. The Romans established public baths, a forum, and other typical Roman infrastructure. Coins minted in Pautalia attest to its importance and degree of autonomy. The city flourished in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD.

With the decline of the Western Roman Empire and subsequent invasions, Pautalia's importance diminished. However, the site continued to be inhabited. Archaeological excavations have revealed significant remains, including well-preserved Roman baths, parts of the city walls, and various artifacts that shed light on its history and daily life. The thermal springs are still a prominent feature of the area and are exploited in the modern spa town of Kyustendil.