Parachloroaniline

Parachloroaniline, also known as 4-chloroaniline, is an organic compound with the chemical formula ClC6H4NH2. It is a derivative of aniline, where a chlorine atom is substituted at the para position of the benzene ring. At room temperature, it typically appears as a white to pale yellow crystalline solid. It has a characteristic odor.

Parachloroaniline is sparingly soluble in water but dissolves more readily in organic solvents like ethanol and ether. Its melting point is around 70-73 °C and its boiling point is approximately 232 °C. It is a weak base, similar to aniline.

Industrially, parachloroaniline is primarily used as an intermediate in the synthesis of various organic chemicals. Its main applications include the production of dyes and pigments, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals. For instance, it is a precursor for certain azo dyes and agricultural chemicals.

Exposure to parachloroaniline can occur through inhalation, skin absorption, or ingestion. It is considered a hazardous substance and can cause methemoglobinemia, a condition where the blood's ability to carry oxygen is reduced. Symptoms can include cyanosis, headache, dizziness, and in severe cases, respiratory distress. Appropriate safety precautions, such as wearing protective equipment and ensuring adequate ventilation, are necessary when handling this compound.