PanTurkist

PanTurkism is a political ideology that promotes the cultural and political union of all Turkic peoples. The ideology's origins can be traced back to the late 19th century among intellectuals in the Russian Empire. Proponents of PanTurkism advocate for a unified state or a close alliance between Turkic nations, often emphasizing shared linguistic, cultural, and historical ties. The movement has historically sought to encompass populations from Central Asia, the Caucasus, Anatolia, and parts of Eastern Europe.

The term "Turkic peoples" refers to a broad linguistic family, and the scope of PanTurkist aspirations has varied over time and among different groups. Early proponents often focused on uniting the Turkic peoples within the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire. Following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the establishment of the Soviet Union, PanTurkist ideas continued to circulate, particularly among émigré communities and in certain political circles within the newly formed nation-states.

Contemporary PanTurkist sentiment exists in various forms. Some expressions focus on cultural cooperation and the strengthening of ties between Turkic countries, while others maintain more assertive political goals. The ideology has faced criticism and scrutiny due to its potential implications for regional stability and its perceived exclusivity. Its influence and specific interpretations continue to be subjects of academic and political discussion.