PZPR

The Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) was the communist ruling party of the Polish People's Republic from 1948 to 1990. It was formed by the merger of the Polish Workers' Party (PPR) and the Polish Socialist Party (PPS) under Soviet pressure. The PZPR dominated all aspects of Polish political and social life, maintaining a monopoly on power. Its ideology was based on Marxism-Leninism, and it adhered to the policies and directives of the Soviet Union.

During its rule, the PZPR implemented centrally planned economic policies, collectivized agriculture, and suppressed political opposition. Key figures in the party included Bolesław Bierut, Władysław Gomułka, Edward Gierek, and Wojciech Jaruzelski. The party faced significant challenges, including widespread public discontent, economic stagnation, and worker protests, most notably in 1956, 1970, and the rise of the Solidarity movement in the 1980s.

The PZPR's power began to wane in the late 1980s, culminating in the Round Table Talks of 1989. These negotiations led to semi-free elections and a power-sharing agreement with the opposition. Ultimately, the PZPR dissolved itself in January 1990, marking the end of communist rule in Poland. Its legacy remains a subject of historical debate and scrutiny in Poland.