PPP1R3

PPP1R3, also known as protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3, is a family of proteins that regulate the activity of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). PP1 is a crucial enzyme involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including glycogen metabolism, muscle contraction, and cell division. PPP1R3 proteins achieve this regulation by binding to PP1 and directing it to specific substrates or cellular locations.

There are several known isoforms of PPP1R3, including PPP1R3A, PPP1R3B, PPP1R3C, and PPP1R3D. These isoforms can have distinct tissue expression patterns and functional roles. For instance, PPP1R3A is primarily found in skeletal muscle and liver, where it plays a significant role in glycogen metabolism by regulating glycogen synthase. PPP1R3B is expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle and is also implicated in regulating glycogen metabolism. PPP1R3C is expressed in the brain and is thought to be involved in neuronal function. PPP1R3D has a broader tissue distribution.

The interaction between PPP1R3 and PP1 is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Dysregulation of this interaction has been linked to various diseases, including diabetes and glycogen storage diseases. Research into PPP1R3 continues to uncover its diverse roles in cellular signaling and metabolism, making it a subject of ongoing scientific interest.