PP2Bs

PP2Bs refers to a class of enzymes known as protein phosphatase 2 (PP2) subunits. Protein phosphatases are crucial enzymes involved in dephosphorylating proteins, a process that removes phosphate groups and plays a vital role in regulating a multitude of cellular functions. The PP2 family is further divided into PP1, PP2A, PP2B, and PP4-PP9. PP2B, specifically, is also known as calcineurin. Calcineurin is a calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase. Its activity is directly regulated by intracellular calcium levels and the binding of calmodulin. This dependency makes calcineurin a key player in calcium signaling pathways. PP2B is found in various tissues and is particularly abundant in the brain, heart, and skeletal muscle. It participates in a wide array of cellular processes including T-cell activation, neuronal development, cardiac hypertrophy, and gene transcription. Dysregulation of PP2B activity has been implicated in various diseases, including certain autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative conditions, and heart diseases. The enzyme's critical role in immune response has also made it a target for immunosuppressive drugs, such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus, which are used to prevent organ transplant rejection. Research continues to explore the diverse functions and therapeutic potential of PP2B.