PGGT2

PGGT2, also known as Piggyting2, is a gene that encodes a protein involved in glycosylation. Glycosylation is a process where carbohydrate molecules called glycans are attached to proteins and lipids. This process is crucial for a wide range of biological functions, including cell recognition, signaling, and immune responses. The PGGT2 protein specifically functions as a protein O-GlcNAcase. It catalyzes the removal of N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) residues from serine and threonine hydroxyl groups of proteins. This O-GlcNAcylation modification is dynamic and sensitive to nutrient availability, playing a role in cellular metabolism and signaling pathways.

Mutations or dysregulation of PGGT2 have been implicated in various human diseases. Research suggests a link between altered PGGT2 activity and conditions such as diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. For instance, changes in O-GlcNAcylation patterns, mediated by enzymes like PGGT2, have been observed in diabetic complications and in the progression of certain cancers. Furthermore, its role in neuronal function has led to investigations into its involvement in neurological diseases. Studies are ongoing to fully elucidate the precise mechanisms by which PGGT2 influences these pathologies and to explore its potential as a therapeutic target.