Outersynaptic

Outersynaptic is a term used in neuroscience to describe synaptic activity or structures located outside the immediate synaptic cleft. Traditionally, the synapse has been understood as a highly specialized junction between two neurons, characterized by the presynaptic terminal, synaptic cleft, and postsynaptic membrane. However, research has revealed that some neurochemical signaling and structural elements extend beyond this core synaptic region.

This extended synaptic environment can involve molecules released from the presynaptic terminal that diffuse over wider distances, influencing not only the postsynaptic neuron but also neighboring cells, including glial cells or other neurons. This phenomenon is sometimes referred to as volume transmission, which complements direct synaptic transmission. Additionally, the term "outersynaptic" may refer to components that are associated with the synapse but are not directly part of the synaptic cleft, such as perisynaptic structures or extracellular matrix components that play a role in synaptic plasticity and function. Understanding outersynaptic processes is crucial for a comprehensive view of neuronal communication and how it is modulated in the brain.