Otoliittielimet

Otoliittielimet, also known as the otolith organs, are sensory structures located in the inner ear of vertebrates. They are responsible for detecting linear acceleration and the pull of gravity. These organs are part of the vestibular system, which plays a crucial role in maintaining balance and spatial orientation.

There are two main otoliittielimet: the utriculus and the sacculus. Both organs contain a specialized sensory epithelium covered by a gelatinous layer. Embedded within this layer are small calcium carbonate crystals called otoliths. These otoliths are denser than the surrounding fluid, causing them to shift in response to changes in motion or gravity.

The movement of the otoliths bends the cilia of hair cells, which are the sensory receptors within the otoliittielimet. This bending generates nerve impulses that are transmitted to the brain via the vestibular nerve. The brain then interprets these signals to understand the body's position and movement in space.

The utriculus primarily detects horizontal linear acceleration, such as when moving forward or backward in a car, or side-to-side movements. The sacculus, on the other hand, is more sensitive to vertical linear acceleration, like that experienced during an elevator ride or jumping. Together, the utriculus and sacculus provide crucial information to the brain, allowing for the coordination of eye movements with head position and the maintenance of overall balance. Damage to these organs can lead to dizziness, vertigo, and impaired balance.