Orgasmus

An orgasm is the peak of sexual arousal, characterized by intense subjective pleasure and a rapid sequence of physical responses. It typically involves rhythmic contractions of the pelvic floor muscles, along with increases in heart rate, breathing, and skin flushing. It can occur during partnered sex or solo activity and is not guaranteed in every encounter or to every person.

Physiologically, orgasm involves the autonomic nervous system and the release of neurochemicals such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and oxytocin. The exact sequence and duration vary widely. In many people with a penis, ejaculation accompanies orgasm, while in others orgasm can occur without ejaculation. In people with a vagina, contractions may involve the vaginal walls and uterus and can be triggered by clitoral, vaginal, or combined stimulation.

Sex differences are variable. The typical male pattern features a single orgasm followed by a refractory period during which arousal returns slowly. By contrast, many people with vulvas can experience multiple orgasms in a short period, though experiences vary greatly and are not universal.

Variability and disorders: Some people experience difficulty achieving orgasm (anorgasmia) or unusually intense or frequent orgasmic sensations. Factors such as stress, anxiety, medications, hormonal changes, and health conditions can influence onset and intensity. Education, consent, and communication play important roles in sexual satisfaction.

Research and context: Orgasm is part of the broader sexual response cycle studied in sexology and medicine. Because orgasm is subjective, assessments rely on self-report. Cultural, social, and individual differences shape how orgasms are understood and discussed.