Orbittoorbit

Orbittoorbit is a term used in astrodynamics and spaceflight to describe a maneuver that transitions a spacecraft from one orbit to another. This process typically involves firing thrusters at specific points in the orbit to alter the spacecraft's velocity. By increasing or decreasing the spacecraft's speed, its orbital path can be changed.

The most common type of orbittoorbit maneuver is a Hohmann transfer orbit, which is an elliptical orbit that tangentially connects two circular orbits. This maneuver is fuel-efficient for moving between coplanar orbits. Other types of orbittoorbit transfers exist, such as bi-elliptic transfers, which can be more efficient for large changes in semi-major axis, or low-thrust transfers, which use continuous but low-magnitude propulsion over extended periods.

The efficiency and feasibility of an orbittoorbit maneuver depend on factors like the initial and final orbital parameters, the available propellant, and the capabilities of the spacecraft's propulsion system. Precise calculations are required to determine the correct timing and duration of engine burns to achieve the desired orbital change without overshooting or undershooting the target. These maneuvers are fundamental to all space missions, from launching satellites into their operational orbits to sending probes on interplanetary journeys.