Onkolyyttiset

Onkolyyttiset is a term used in oncology to describe substances or agents that cause cell death in cancer cells. This process, known as oncolysis, can be achieved through various mechanisms, including direct toxicity, induction of apoptosis (programmed cell death), or triggering an immune response against the tumor.

Onkolyyttiset agents can be broadly categorized. Some are naturally occurring substances found in plants or microorganisms, while others are synthetically produced. Viruses, known as oncolytic viruses, are a prominent example of naturally occurring onkolyyttiset agents. These viruses are engineered or selected to selectively infect and replicate within cancer cells, ultimately destroying them. This viral replication can also release tumor-associated antigens, potentially stimulating an anti-tumor immune response.

Other onkolyyttiset approaches involve small molecules or antibodies designed to target specific pathways essential for cancer cell survival. These agents can interfere with cell division, signal transduction, or other vital cellular processes, leading to cell death. The development of onkolyyttiset therapies aims to provide more targeted and less toxic treatment options for cancer patients compared to traditional chemotherapy. Research in this field continues to explore novel agents and combinations to enhance their efficacy and broaden their application across different cancer types.