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Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors is a built-in JavaScript function that returns an object describing all own property descriptors of a given object. It captures both enumerable and non-enumerable properties as well as properties keyed by symbols, but does not include properties inherited through the prototype chain.

Syntax and behavior: Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(obj) takes a single argument, obj, which is the target object. If a primitive value is supplied, it is converted to its object wrapper. The function returns an object where each key corresponds to an own property of obj and each value is the corresponding property descriptor. Descriptors indicate attributes such as configurable, enumerable, and writable, and either a value for data properties or get/set for accessor properties.

Descriptors describe the exact configuration of each property. A data descriptor includes value and optional writable, enumerable, and configurable flags. An accessor descriptor includes get and set functions along with configurable and enumerable flags.

Example: Consider an object with a normal data property and a non-enumerable property. Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(obj) would return an object mapping each property name to its descriptor, such as { a: { value: 1, writable: true, enumerable: true, configurable: true }, b: { value: 2, writable: false, enumerable: false, configurable: false } }. Symbols owned by the object are included in the result as well.

Use cases: This method is useful for cloning objects with all property attributes preserved by combining with Object.defineProperties, as in Object.defineProperties(newObj, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(oldObj)). It provides a precise way to replicate or inspect object structure.

Compatibility: Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors was added in ES2017 and is supported in modern browsers and Node.js. It is not supported in older environments such as legacy Internet Explorer.