NéelTemperaturen
Néeltemperaturen, or the Néel temperature, is the temperature below which an antiferromagnetic material exhibits long-range magnetic order with moments aligned in an antiparallel pattern. Above this temperature thermal fluctuations destroy the ordered arrangement, and the material becomes paramagnetic. The concept is named after Louis Néel, who described antiferromagnetism in the 1940s.
In an antiferromagnet, the net magnetization can be zero even though individual spins are ordered, because
Néel temperatures depend on the strength of exchange interactions, crystal structure, and magnetic anisotropy. They can
The Néel temperature is a central concept in the study of magnetism, complementing the Curie temperature (for