Næringsprosesser

Næringsprosesser, often translated as nutrient cycling or trophic processes, refers to the movement and transformation of nutrients within an ecosystem. These processes are fundamental to the survival and functioning of all living organisms. They involve the continuous flow of elements like carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur through biotic and abiotic components.

In terrestrial ecosystems, decomposition by microorganisms plays a crucial role. When plants and animals die, decomposers break down organic matter, releasing essential nutrients back into the soil, where they can be absorbed by plants for growth. This process is often referred to as mineralization. Similarly, in aquatic environments, nutrient cycling occurs through various pathways, including the uptake of dissolved nutrients by phytoplankton, their consumption by zooplankton, and the eventual decomposition of dead organic matter.

Human activities can significantly alter natural næringsprosesser. For example, excessive use of fertilizers in agriculture can lead to nutrient enrichment of water bodies, causing eutrophication and algal blooms. Deforestation can disrupt nutrient cycles by reducing the return of organic matter to the soil and increasing erosion. Understanding and managing these processes is vital for maintaining ecosystem health and sustainability. The efficiency of nutrient cycling directly impacts primary productivity and the overall biodiversity of an ecosystem.