Næringsavrenning

Næringsavrenning refers to the discharge of excess nutrients, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus, into water bodies. This phenomenon is a significant environmental concern, often originating from human activities such as agriculture, wastewater treatment, and industrial processes. In agricultural settings, fertilizers containing nitrogen and phosphorus can be washed from fields into rivers, lakes, and coastal waters through surface runoff or leaching into groundwater. Urban areas contribute nutrients through stormwater runoff carrying pet waste and lawn fertilizers, as well as treated or untreated wastewater.

The consequences of næringsavrenning are substantial. Elevated nutrient levels can lead to eutrophication, a process where excessive algal growth occurs. These algal blooms can deplete dissolved oxygen in the water when they decompose, creating hypoxic or anoxic conditions that are harmful or fatal to aquatic life, including fish and shellfish. Some algal blooms can also produce toxins that pose risks to human and animal health, as well as impacting recreational activities and tourism. Furthermore, nutrient pollution can alter the biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems, favoring certain species while diminishing others. Addressing næringsavrenning often involves implementing strategies like improved agricultural practices, upgrading wastewater treatment facilities, and managing urban stormwater more effectively.