Novoplatonism

Neoplatonism is a philosophical system that emerged in the 3rd century AD, drawing heavily from the ideas of Plato. It is considered the last major philosophical movement of classical antiquity. Key figures include Plotinus, Porphyry, Iamblichus, and Proclus. Neoplatonists sought to synthesize Platonic philosophy with other mystical and religious traditions of the era.

At the core of Neoplatonism is the concept of "The One," an ultimate, transcendent, and ineffable source from which all reality emanates. This emanation is often described as a series of descending hypostases or levels, beginning with Intellect (Nous), then Soul (Psyche), and finally the material world. The goal of the Neoplatonist practitioner is to achieve a return to The One through philosophical contemplation and mystical ascent.

Neoplatonism had a profound influence on subsequent Western and Islamic thought, impacting Christian theology, Jewish mysticism, and Islamic philosophy. Its emphasis on the transcendent, the spiritual, and the pursuit of divine knowledge resonated with many religious traditions. The system provided a sophisticated metaphysical framework that sought to explain the existence of the universe and humanity's place within it.