Normeringen

Normering is the process of establishing or applying normative values, standards, or reference points to measurements, evaluations, or data. It serves to enable meaningful comparison across individuals, items, or time and to ensure consistency and interoperability in measurement systems, assessments, and information processing.

In metrology and regulatory contexts, normering refers to adopting and enforcing standard methods, units, and procedures, as well as calibrating instruments against reference standards. It includes official certification and conformity assessment to ensure that products or services meet agreed norms and quality requirements.

In statistics and psychometrics, normering involves creating normative data from a representative sample and using it to interpret individual results. Raw test scores can be transformed into standard scores (such as z-scores or t-scores) or percentile ranks, enabling comparison with a reference population and aiding decision-making.

In education, normering of examinations or tests may adjust scores to a target distribution to account for form difficulty or to improve cross-form comparability. This often involves aligning a form’s mean and standard deviation with predefined targets.

In data analysis and data processing, normalization or standardization adjusts data to a common scale to improve comparability and the stability of analyses. Common methods include min–max scaling to a 0–1 range or standard scaling to unit variance.