Nivelpinnat

Nivelpinnat are the articular surfaces of bones that participate in synovial joints. They are typically located at the ends of bones or within sockets where bones meet. These surfaces are covered by articular cartilage and interact within a joint capsule and synovial fluid, which together enable smooth movement and load distribution.

The shapes and details of nivelpinnat vary to suit joint function. Planar surfaces allow gliding movements, while curved surfaces enable hinge, pivot, or condylar actions. Complementary concave and convex surfaces provide stability in ball-and-socket and saddle joints. Common examples include the femoral condyles articulating with the tibial plateau, the femoral head with the acetabulum, and the humeral head with the glenoid fossa.

Functionally, nivelpinnat bear weight, distribute compressive and shear forces, and facilitate a range of motions. Articular cartilage reduces friction and helps absorb loads, while the subchondral bone provides structural support. The joint capsule and ligaments contribute to stability and guide permissible movements to protect the surfaces from injury.

Clinical relevance is tied to the integrity of nivelpinnat. Damage such as chondral injuries or degenerative changes from osteoarthritis can cause pain, swelling, and restricted mobility. Imaging modalities like MRI and CT assess surface condition and cartilage health. Treatments range from conservative management to cartilage repair procedures, and in advanced cases, joint replacement that replaces the damaged articular surfaces.