Nitrospinaceae

Nitrospinaceae is a family of bacteria within the phylum Nitrospirae. This family currently contains a single genus, Nitrospina, and its type species is Nitrospina gracilis. Members of Nitrospinaceae are obligate aerobes and are typically found in marine environments, particularly in oxic zones of the water column and sediments.

These bacteria are chemoautotrophs, meaning they obtain energy from inorganic chemical reactions and use carbon dioxide as their primary carbon source. Specifically, Nitrospinaceae are known for their role in the marine nitrogen cycle. They are nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, converting nitrite (NO2-) to nitrate (NO3-). This process is a crucial step in nitrification, which contributes to the overall transformation of nitrogen compounds in aquatic ecosystems.

Morphologically, Nitrospinaceae are often described as small, rod-shaped or vibrioid bacteria. They are Gram-negative and motile, typically possessing a single polar flagellum. Their metabolic capabilities are specialized, focusing on the oxidation of nitrite. Due to their presence in marine environments and their specific metabolic role, Nitrospinaceae are considered important components of oceanic biogeochemical cycles. Further research is ongoing to fully understand their ecological significance and diversity within marine microbial communities.