Nitroprussidiä

Nitroprusside is a powerful vasodilator medication used primarily in critical care settings. Its chemical name is sodium nitroferricyanide. It is administered intravenously and acts rapidly to lower blood pressure. The mechanism of action involves the release of nitric oxide, which causes relaxation of smooth muscle in blood vessels, leading to vasodilation. This effect results in a decrease in both arterial and venous pressure.

Nitroprusside is typically used for the short-term management of severe hypertension, such as in hypertensive emergencies or during surgery. It is also used to induce controlled hypotension during surgical procedures to reduce bleeding. Due to its potent and rapid action, it requires continuous monitoring of blood pressure. The infusion rate is carefully titrated to achieve the desired blood pressure reduction.

Potential side effects include reflex tachycardia, headache, dizziness, and nausea. A significant concern with prolonged or high-dose administration is cyanide toxicity, as the drug can release cyanide ions. Therefore, it is usually administered for short durations and its use is carefully managed by experienced healthcare professionals. Other potential complications include thiocyanate accumulation, which can lead to neurological symptoms. Patients with impaired liver or kidney function may require closer monitoring.