Niká

Niká (Greek: νικά, "victory") refers to a significant event in Byzantine history that occurred on the evening of August 13, 726, in Constantinople. The incident involved a popular uprising against the iconoclastic policies of Emperor Leo III, who had banned the veneration of religious icons as part of his theological reforms. The name "Niká" derives from the chant "Niká!" ("Victory!") that the protesters shouted as they stormed the Hippodrome, the imperial stadium, demanding the restoration of icons.

The unrest began when Leo III ordered the removal of an icon of the Virgin Mary from the Chalkē, a bronze doors entrance to the Hagia Sophia. The crowd, composed largely of supporters of icon veneration, responded with violent protests. They attacked iconoclast officials and looted their homes, leading to a violent clash with imperial forces. The uprising escalated into a full-scale riot, with protesters taking control of the Hippodrome and setting fire to nearby buildings. The chaos lasted for several days, during which the emperor’s life was reportedly forfeit, and the city was on the brink of collapse.

Leo III initially attempted to suppress the revolt with force but was eventually forced to negotiate. He agreed to a temporary truce, allowing the protesters to disperse, but the unrest persisted. The emperor later sent his general, Philippikos Bardanes, to crush the rebellion, which he did with brutal efficiency. Many leaders of the uprising were executed, and the city was placed under martial law. Despite this, the Niká event highlighted the deep divisions within Byzantine society over the issue of icons and contributed to the prolonged Iconoclastic Controversy, which lasted until the early 9th century. The incident remains a notable example of popular resistance against imperial authority in medieval Byzantine history.