Neurónok

Neurónok, also known as nerve cells, are the fundamental units of the nervous system in animals. They are specialized cells responsible for transmitting information throughout the body via electrochemical signals. Neurons are comprised of three main parts: the cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon. The cell body contains the nucleus and other essential organelles. Dendrites are branched extensions that receive signals from other neurons. The axon is a long projection that transmits signals away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands.

The process of communication between neurons occurs at specialized junctions called synapses. When an electrical signal, known as an action potential, travels down the axon, it triggers the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters at the synapse. These neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on the dendrites of the next neuron, either exciting or inhibiting it, thus continuing the signal transmission. This intricate network of interconnected neurons allows for complex functions such as thought, emotion, movement, and sensory perception.

There are various types of neurons, classified based on their function and structure. Sensory neurons carry information from sensory organs to the central nervous system. Motor neurons transmit signals from the central nervous system to muscles and glands, enabling action. Interneurons, found within the central nervous system, connect other neurons and play a role in processing information. The development and function of neurons are crucial for the overall health and operation of the nervous system.