Neurostimuláció

Neurostimuláció is a medical and scientific field focused on modulating the activity of the nervous system through the targeted delivery of electrical stimulation. This can involve direct stimulation of nerves, nerve roots, or specific brain regions. The primary goal of neurostimuláció is to alleviate symptoms of various neurological and psychiatric conditions or to restore lost function.

The technology behind neurostimuláció typically involves an implanted pulse generator, often referred to as a neurostimulator, which produces electrical impulses. These impulses are delivered to the nervous system via one or more electrodes, which are surgically placed in precise locations. The parameters of the electrical stimulation, such as pulse width, frequency, and amplitude, are carefully programmed and can often be adjusted to optimize therapeutic outcomes for individual patients.

Common applications of neurostimuláció include the management of chronic pain, Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, epilepsy, and urinary or fecal incontinence. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a prominent example used for movement disorders, while spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is widely employed for chronic back and leg pain. Emerging applications are also being explored for conditions like depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and even blindness. Research continues to expand the potential uses and refine the techniques within neurostimuláció.