Neuros

Neuros is not a standard term in scientific nomenclature. In some contexts, “neuros” may appear as an informal shorthand for neurons or for neuroscience, but in English the accepted terms are neuron (singular) and neurons (plural) and neuroscience for the field.

A neuron is the basic functional unit of the nervous system. It typically has a cell body (soma), dendrites that receive input, and an axon that transmits impulses. Neurons communicate through electrochemical signals: action potentials travel along the axon, and at synapses they release neurotransmitters that influence neighboring neurons or effector cells.

Neurons are organized into networks within the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system. They are classified by function as sensory, motor, or interneurons, and by structure as multipolar, bipolar, or unipolar. The activity of neural circuits underlies sensation, movement, cognition, and memory.

Glial cells, including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia, support neurons in the brain. Neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, and maintenance depend on signaling and gene expression. Dysfunctions in neurons or their connections contribute to disorders such as epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, and psychiatric conditions.

Etymology and usage: The word neuron derives from Greek neuron meaning nerve or sinew, later used to denote a nerve cell. In English, “neuros” is not a standard singular or plural form; the field is called neuroscience, and the cells are called neurons.