Nervtyp

Nervtyp refers to the classification of nerve cells, or neurons, based on their structural and functional characteristics. Neurons are the fundamental units of the nervous system responsible for transmitting information through electrical and chemical signals.

Structurally, neurons can be categorized by the number of processes extending from the cell body. Multipolar neurons, the most common type, have one axon and multiple dendrites. Bipolar neurons possess one axon and one dendrite extending from opposite sides of the cell body. Unipolar neurons have a single process that bifurcates into an axon and a dendrite. Pseudounipolar neurons are a subtype where the single process initially emerges but then splits to form the central and peripheral branches.

Functionally, neurons are often classified as sensory, motor, or interneurons. Sensory neurons, also known as afferent neurons, transmit signals from sensory receptors towards the central nervous system. Motor neurons, or efferent neurons, carry signals from the central nervous system to effectors such as muscles and glands. Interneurons, found within the central nervous system, connect sensory and motor neurons and are involved in processing information and reflex arcs. This classification helps understand the flow of information within the nervous system and the specific roles each neuron plays in nervous system function.