NeoAkkadian

Neo-Akkadian is a term used to describe a socio-linguistic and cultural phase in the history of the Akkadian-speaking populations in ancient Mesopotamia, roughly spanning the late 2nd millennium BCE to the early 1st millennium BCE. It follows the Old Akkadian and Middle Akkadian periods and is characterized by significant linguistic, political, and cultural developments.

During the Neo-Akkadian period, the city-states of Babylonia and Assyria experienced major political changes, including the rise of powerful dynasties and the expansion of empire. The Neo-Babylonian Empire, with its capital at Babylon, and the Neo-Assyrian Empire are notable political entities of this era, overseeing extensive territories across Mesopotamia and beyond.

Linguistically, Neo-Akkadian features the continued use and development of the Akkadian language, which includes dialects such as Babylonian and Assyrian. These dialects evolved and influenced subsequent languages and scripts used in the region. The period also saw the proliferation of cuneiform tablets, texts, and administrative documents, which provide critical insights into the political, social, and religious life of the time.

Culturally, Neo-Akkadian Mesopotamia was marked by advancements in literature, science, and religious practices. Notable literary works, such as the "Epic of Gilgamesh," were preserved and further developed during this period. Religious practices continued to revolve around diverse deities, with temples and religious festivals playing central roles in societal life.

The Neo-Akkadian period concluded with the rise of new powers and the eventual dominance of Aramaic as the lingua franca of the region. Nevertheless, Neo-Akkadian remains significant for understanding the history and development of Mesopotamian civilization.