Nefrotoxísk

Nefrotoxísk is a term used to describe substances or agents that are harmful to the kidneys. The kidneys are vital organs responsible for filtering waste products from the blood, regulating blood pressure, and maintaining electrolyte balance. When the kidneys are exposed to nefrotoxic agents, their ability to perform these essential functions can be impaired, leading to various degrees of kidney damage.

The causes of nefrotoxicity are diverse and can include certain medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), some antibiotics, and chemotherapy drugs. Environmental toxins, heavy metals like lead and mercury, and even certain natural compounds found in some plants and fungi can also be nefrotoxic. Dehydration and underlying medical conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure can exacerbate the risk of kidney damage from these agents.

Symptoms of nefrotoxicity can range from mild to severe and may include changes in urination patterns (e.g., decreased urine output or blood in the urine), swelling in the legs and feet, fatigue, nausea, and loss of appetite. In severe cases, nefrotoxicity can lead to acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease, which may require dialysis or a kidney transplant. Diagnosis typically involves blood and urine tests to assess kidney function and identify the underlying cause. Treatment focuses on removing the offending agent, supporting kidney function, and managing any associated complications. Prevention strategies include cautious use of medications, avoiding exposure to known toxins, and maintaining adequate hydration.