Nefrotoxicidad

Nefrotoxicidad refers to the damage to the kidneys caused by exposure to certain substances, known as nephrotoxins. These substances can be medications, chemicals, or toxins present in the environment. The kidneys are particularly vulnerable to damage due to their role in filtering waste products and toxins from the blood. When exposed to nephrotoxins, the delicate structures within the kidneys, such as the glomeruli and tubules, can be impaired, leading to reduced kidney function.

The effects of nefrotoxicidad can range from mild and reversible to severe and permanent kidney failure. Symptoms may include changes in urine output, swelling in the legs or feet, fatigue, and nausea. The severity and type of damage depend on the specific nephrotoxin, the dose, the duration of exposure, and individual patient factors like age and pre-existing kidney conditions.

Common causes of nefrotoxicidad include certain antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), chemotherapy agents, and heavy metals like lead and mercury. Proper diagnosis involves assessing kidney function through blood and urine tests and identifying the causative agent. Treatment typically involves discontinuing the offending substance and supportive care to manage symptoms and protect remaining kidney function. In severe cases, dialysis or kidney transplantation may be necessary. Prevention strategies focus on judicious use of potentially nephrotoxic medications and minimizing exposure to environmental toxins.