Naftakütused

Naftakütused, also known as petroleum fuels or oil fuels, are a broad category of fuels derived from crude oil. Crude oil is a naturally occurring, complex mixture of hydrocarbons that is extracted from underground deposits. Through a process called refining, crude oil is separated into various components based on their boiling points. These components are then further processed to create a range of fuels that power transportation, industry, and heating systems.

The most common naftakütused include gasoline (petrol), diesel fuel, jet fuel (kerosene), and heating oil. Gasoline is primarily used in spark-ignition internal combustion engines found in most passenger cars. Diesel fuel is used in compression-ignition engines, common in trucks, buses, trains, and some cars. Jet fuel powers aircraft, and heating oil is used for domestic and industrial heating.

The production of naftakütused involves several stages, starting with the extraction of crude oil, followed by transportation to refineries. At the refinery, fractional distillation separates the crude oil into different hydrocarbon fractions. These fractions are then treated and blended to meet specific fuel standards and performance requirements. Additives are often incorporated to improve properties such as octane rating, cetane number, and stability.

Naftakütused have been a cornerstone of modern energy consumption for over a century, playing a critical role in economic development and global transportation. However, their combustion releases greenhouse gases, contributing to climate change, and their extraction and transportation can have environmental impacts. Consequently, there is ongoing research and development into alternative fuels and energy sources.