NaCNO

NaCNO, commonly written sodium cyanate, is the sodium salt of the cyanate anion. Its formula is NaOCN (or NaCNO), and it forms white, crystalline solids. In water, it dissociates into Na+ and the cyanate anion (OCN−), a linear species with resonance that distributes negative charge among the oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen atoms. The solid is soluble in water and can be handled as a stable inorganic salt under normal laboratory conditions, though it is irritant and should be kept away from acids and oxidizers.

Preparation and properties

Sodium cyanate is produced commercially by neutralizing cyanic acid with sodium hydroxide or via industrial routes that generate cyanate salts from cyanide-containing feedstocks under controlled conditions. It is typically stored as a dry, airtight solid to prevent moisture uptake. In solution, the pH is basic due to the cyanate ion; at elevated temperatures or in the presence of strong acids, cyanate species can react toward more reactive nitrogen- or carbon-containing species.

Applications

Chemically, cyanates are versatile intermediates in organic synthesis. Sodium cyanate serves as a precursor to isocyanates and various urethane or carbamate derivatives. It is used in the preparation of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and agricultural chemicals, and in certain polymerization and coating processes where cyanate-derived intermediates are required.

Safety

Sodium cyanate is toxic if ingested and can be an irritant to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. It can release toxic hydrogen cyanide upon strong acidification. It should be handled with appropriate personal protective equipment, under well-ventilated conditions, and stored away from acids and oxidizers in a cool, dry place.

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